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a tdr-based soil moisture monitoring system with simultaneous measurement of soil temperature and electrical conductivitytdr-based土壤水分监测系统,同时测量土壤温度和电导率.pdf

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a tdr-based soil moisture monitoring system with simultaneous measurement of soil temperature and electrical conductivitytdr-based土壤水分监测系统,同时测量土壤温度和电导率

Sensors 2012, 12, 13545-13566; doi:10.3390/s121013545 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article A TDR-Based Soil Moisture Monitoring System with Simultaneous Measurement of Soil Temperature and Electrical Conductivity Wojciech Skierucha *, Andrzej Wilczek, Agnieszka Szypłowska, Cezary Sławiński and Krzysztof Lamorski Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland; E-Mails: a.wilczek@ipan.lublin.pl (A.W.); a.szyplowska@ipan.lublin.pl (A.S.); c.slawinski@ipan.lublin.pl (C.S.); k.lamorski@ipan.lublin.pl (K.L.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: w.skierucha@ipan.lublin.pl; Tel.: +48-81-744-50-61; Fax: +48-81-744-50-67. Received: 16 July 2012; in revised form: 1 October 2012 / Accepted: 2 October 2012 / Published: 9 October 2012 Abstract: Elements of design and a field application of a TDR-based soil moisture and electrical conductivity monitoring system are described with detailed presentation of the time delay units with a resolution of 10 ps. Other issues discussed include the temperature correction of the applied time delay units, battery supply characteristics and the measurement results from one of the installed ground measurement stations in the Polesie National Park in Poland. Keywords: soil moisture; TDR technique; monitoring stations 1. Introduction The global hydrologic cycle and the functioning of ecosystems depend on the complex interactions between soil, vegetation, and the atmos