胸腔积液的检查与诊断（Examination and diagnosis of pleural effusion）.docVIP

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2017-09-06 发布于河南
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胸腔积液的检查与诊断（Examination and diagnosis of pleural effusion）.doc

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胸腔积液的检查与诊断（Examination and diagnosis of pleural effusion）

胸腔积液的检查与诊断（Examination and diagnosis of pleural effusion） Examination and diagnosis of pleural effusion Normal people have a small amount of liquid (about 3 to 30m1) in the pleural cavity, which acts as a lubricant in breathing exercises. When any pathological cause leads to an increase or decrease in fluid production, the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity is pleural effusion. The fluid may be water, blood, chylous, or purulent fluid. Pleural effusion is a common symptom in clinic. It can be caused by pleural diseases or other organs. 1. symptoms: The severity of the symptoms depends on the amount of fluid accumulated and the rate of increase. The early patient may have no symptoms, and some people may suffer from needling, chest pain, coughing or deep breathing when they are stimulated by the pleura. The emergence of a large number of pleural effusion can occur in patients with shortness of breath, chest tightness. 2. signs Early, no abnormalities, or only pleural friction sounds. Typical signs of pleural effusion were tracheal and heart to the contralateral shift, ipsilateral chest fullness, respiratory movement limited, decreased tactile fremitus, percussionwas solid sound, auscultate breath sounds reduced or disappeared. 3. X-ray examination: The chest X-ray and chest radiography is an effective method for the diagnosis of pleural effusion, when the fluid volume of more than 300ml chest radiography costophrenic angle blunting; fluid volume of more middle and lower lung field uniformly high density shadow, the upper bound is curved edge outside the high low. When the pleural cavity accumulates the gas, can see the liquid level. It should be noted that inclusion effusion, hydrocele and pulmonary effusion are easily misdiagnosed or misdiagnosed in clinic. Encapsulated effusion can be manifested as globular or mass shadow, which is easily misdiagnosed as tumor, and lateral chest X-ray can be identified. Interlobar effusion showed lenticular shadow, and ate