预防医学复习重点（Review of Preventive Medicine）.doc

预防医学复习重点（Review of Preventive Medicine） First, the noun explanation 1, preventive medicine: investigation of effect of environmental factors on health and disease, the pathogenic factors in the analysis and evaluation of environmental impact on population health, disease prevention, promote a scientific and healthy reach through public health measures. 2, chronic non communicable diseases (NCD, referred to as chronic disease): refers to related factors and occupation, environment, lifestyle and behavior, has a long duration, complex etiology, non infectious, health damage and the characteristics of serious harm to society of a large class of diseases. 3, hospital infection refers to inpatients in the hospital was infection, including infection during hospitalization and discharge occurs in the hospital after the infection, but not before admission admission has begun or have latent infection. Nosocomial infections in hospital are also nosocomial infections. 4, public health emergencies: refers to the sudden major infectious diseases, caused or may cause serious harm to public health, the group of unexplained diseases, major food poisoning and occupation and other serious public health event. 5, ecological balance: in a certain period of time in the ecosystem of biological and environmental and biological populations are between various energy flow and material circulation and information transmission, highly fit, coordinated and unified state to each other. The most obvious expression is the relative balance between population size and species number in the system. 6. Food chain: a chain relationship between plants and animals that is formed by food relations in biological communities. It is the main channel for energy flow and material circulation. Including predator food chains and decaying food chains. 7, environmental pollution: due to man-made or natural reasons, changes in the composition and nature of the environment, disturb the ecological balance, and cause