食道癌的护理措施（Nursing measures for esophageal cancer）.doc

食道癌的护理措施（Nursing measures for esophageal cancer） Nursing measures for esophageal cancer Preoperative care (1): on the skin to the jaw, a horizontal line umbilical, left to the ridge line. (2) nutritional support: most esophageal cancer patients suffer from malnutrition, water and electrolyte imbalance due to varying degrees of dysphagia, which makes the bodys tolerance to surgery decline. Therefore, preoperative nutritional benefits should be guaranteed. (3) keep oral hygiene. (4) respiratory tract preparation: quit smoking, guide and train patients with effective expectoration and abdominal deep breathing. (5) preparation of the gastrointestinal tract: 1) esophageal cancer can lead to varying degrees of obstruction and inflammation: 1 weeks before the operation, patients are given oral antibiotics by oral administration, which can act as a local anti-inflammatory and anti infective agent. 2) change diet before 3 days, fasting 1 days before operation. 3) on the retention after eating or regurgitation, before the evening of 1 prescribed to 100ml saline plus antibiotics through nasogastric tube flushing of esophagus and stomach, can relieve local congestion and edema, reduce the pollution in the operation, to prevent anastomotic fistula. 4) colon interposition surgery patients, preoperative 3 - 5 days of oral antibiotics such as metronidazole, gentamicin and neomycin; 2 days before operation without eating liquid slag, preoperative night cleaning enema or whole gut lavage after fasting. 5) the routine stomach tube in the morning of the operation can not be forcibly entered through the obstruction so as not to perforate the esophagus. It can be placed at the upper part of the obstruction and placed in the stomach before surgery. (6) give preoperative guidance and psychological care, stabilize the mood of patients, and strive for psychological and economic support and cooperation among relatives. Postoperative care (1) observe closely the changes of vital signs, and mak