air ions and mood outcomes a review and meta-analysis空气离子和情绪结果回顾和荟萃分析.pdfVIP

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air ions and mood outcomes a review and meta-analysis空气离子和情绪结果回顾和荟萃分析.pdf

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air ions and mood outcomes a review and meta-analysis空气离子和情绪结果回顾和荟萃分析

Perez et al. BMC Psychiatry 2013, 13:29 /1471-244X/13/29 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Air ions and mood outcomes: a review and meta-analysis 1 2 3* Vanessa Perez , Dominik D Alexander and William H Bailey Abstract Background: Psychological effects of air ions have been reported for more than 80 years in the media and scientific literature. This study summarizes a qualitative literature review and quantitative meta-analysis, where applicable, that examines the potential effects of exposure to negative and positive air ions on psychological measures of mood and emotional state. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted to identify human experimental studies published through August, 2012. Thirty-three studies (1957–2012) evaluating the effects of air ionization on depression, anxiety, mood states, and subjective feelings of mental well-being in humans were included. Five studies on negative ionization and depression (measured using a structured interview guide) were evaluated by level of exposure intensity (high vs. low) using meta-analysis. Results: Consistent ionization effects were not observed for anxiety, mood, relaxation/sleep, and personal comfort. In contrast, meta-analysis results showed that negative ionization, overall, was significantly associated with lower depression ratings, with a stronger association observed at high levels of negative ion exposure (mean summary effect and 95% confidence interval (CI) following high- and low-density exposure: 14.28 (95% CI: 12.93-15.62) and 7.23 (95% CI: 2.62-11.83), respectively). The response to high-density ionization was observed in patients with seasonal or chronic depression, but an effect of low-density ionization was observed only in patients with seasonal