医学影像学（Medical imaging）.docVIP

医学影像学（Medical imaging） Natural contrast: the structure of human tissue is based on differences in density, which produces X - ray contrast. This natural difference is called natural contrast In contrast to tissues or organs lacking natural contrasts, the class believes that the introduction of substances above or below the density to produce contrast is called artificial contrast Methods of contrast: 1 direct introduction: oral perfusion, puncture and injection Indirect introduction: intravenous infusion Applications of X-ray diagnosis: gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system and chest Flow void effect: liquid flows, not to signal acquisition in the imaging process and showed no signal shadow. Doppler effect: the frequency of reflected wave changes when the ultrasonic meets the reflecting interface of motion. Posterior wall echo enhancement: the absorption and attenuation of acoustic energy are different in normal tissues and diseased tissues, and the posterior wall echo is enhanced when the fluid cyst or abscess with low attenuation coefficient is found. Sound shadow: high attenuation coefficient of fibrous tissue, calcium plaque, stone, gas, etc., behind the formation of sound shadow. The basic pathological changes of bone tissue: 1, osteoporosis: refers to a unit volume of normal bone tissue calcification is reduced, organic ingredients and calcium salt of bone tissue decreased, but the proportion of organic components and calcium salt content of bone is still normal X-ray findings: mainly decreased bone mineral density, bone in the bone trabecula of reduction, the gap widened, cortical bone delamination and thinning; disappearance of vertebral body structure, vertebral body becomes flat, the lower edge of the concave, vertebral gap widened. 2, osteomalacia: refers to a certain volume of organic tissue in bone tissue is normal, while the mineral content decreased X-ray: bone density decreased; trabecular bone and bone margin blurred. 3, bone destruction 4,