定语从句整理及其他试题教案.docx

定语从句一、语法解释定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。???关系词分两种：?一是关系代词that,?which,?who,?whom,?whose,?as等(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分)；?二是关系副词where,?when,?why等(在定语从句中担任状语成分)。关系词的三个功能：1.?连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句）；2.?担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语）；3.?替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词）e.g. A?plane?is?a?machine.?The?machine?can?fly.↓A?plane?is?a?machine,?and?the?machine?can?fly.↓A?plane?is?a?machine?that?can?fly.???二、关系代词引导的定语从句?1.who指人，在从句中做主语，也可作宾语。e.g. The?boys?who?are?playing?football?are?from?Class?One.e.g. Yesterday?I?helped?an?old?man?who?lost?his?way.??2.?whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。??e.g. Mr.?Liu?is?the?person?(whom)?you?talked?about?on?the?bus.e.g. Mr.?Ling?is?just?the?boy?whom?I?want?to?see.??注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。e.g. The?man?who/whom?you?met?just?now?is?my?friend.??3.?which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。e.g. Football?is?a?game?which?is?liked?by?most?boys.e.g. This?is?the?pen?(which)?he?bought?yesterday.??4.?that指人时，相当于who?或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。??e.g.The?number?of?the?people?that/who?come?to?visit?the?city?each?year?rises?one?million.e.g. Where?is?the?man?that/whom?I?saw?this?morning?5.?whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。e.g. He?has?a?friend?whose?father?is?a?doctor.??e.g. I?once?lived?in?a?house?whose?roof?has?fallen?in.引导定语从句的“whose＋名词”，有时可与of?which或of?whom互换：e.g. The?classroom?whose?door(= the?door?of?which)?is?broken?will?soon?be?repaired.e.g. Do?you?like?the?book?whose?cover(= the?color?of?which)?is?yellow?三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句??关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。e.g. The?school?(that/which)?he?once?studied?in?is?very?famous.↓The?school?in?which?he?once?studied?is?very?famous.??e.g. Tomorrow?I?will?bring?here?a?magazine?(that/which)?you?asked?for.↓Tomorrow?I?will?bring?here?a?magazine?for?which?you?asked.??注意: 1.?含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look?for,?look?after,?take?care?of等e.g. This?is?the?watch?which/that?I?am?looking?for.?(T)e.g. This?is?the?watch?for?which?I?am?looking.?(F)2.?若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whosee.g. The?man?