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定语从句学案和练习
一. 定语从句的基本定义
放在名词或代词后面,由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.
先行词 关系代词
Hospital is a place where a doctor works.
先行词 关系副词
二. 关系词的分类
1. 关系代词:
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,常用的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, as
2. 关系副词
关系副词在定语从句中作状语,常用的关系副词有:when, where, why
三. 关系代词的基本用法
1. 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代的先行词 充当从句的成分 who 人 主语,宾语,表语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语(+n) as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 ① who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
A person who steals things is called a thief.
②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。
The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
③ which 指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.
④that 指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。
We live in a house whose windows face south.
This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.
2. 关系代词的用法注意点
(1)以下情况只能用that。
①当先行词被最高级修饰时。如:
The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.
②当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如:
This is the very book that I am looking for these days.
④当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如:
This is all that I want from the school.
⑤当先行词中有人又有物时。如:
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
以下情况不用that:
1.介词之后。指物用which,指人用whom.
The city in which she lives is far away.
He is the student with whom I sit.
2.引导非限制性定语从句
I am reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book.
巩固练习1: 用适当的关系词填空
1). Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _____________ I gave her.
2). The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player.
3).The girl __________is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.
4). The girl _________________our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.
5). The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak En
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