遗传物质色变异及修复机制.pdf

第六章 遗传物质的变异 及修复机制 Molecular mechanism of mutation and DNA repair “ The capacity to blunder slightly is the real marvel of DNA. Without this special attribute, we would still be anaerobic bacteria and there would be no music.” 2  Chromosome Aberration （染色体畸变） Changes in Chromosome Structure Changes in Chromosome Number  Gene Mutation 3 第一节 染色体结构变异 Changes in Chromosome Structure Sometimes chromosome mutation can be detected by microscopic observation 4 Polytene chromosome (多线染色体)  A giant chromosome consisting of many identical chromatids lying in parallel register  Found in the nuclei of the salivary gland （唾腺） and certain other tissues of the larvae （幼虫） of Drosophila and other two-winged flies  The polytene structures are formed by repeated replication of the DNA (1000~5000), but without separation of the replicated chromatin strands in a mitotic process 5 6 Chromosome banding is revealed by special staining techniques (a) G banding. (b) Q banding. (c) C banding. (d) R banding 7 Types of changes in chromosome structure  Deletion 缺失  Duplication 重复  Inversion 倒位  Translocation 易位 8 9 Mechanisms of change  Chromosome rearr