种姓制度在古印度法律中的演变.docVIP

种姓制度在古印度法律中的演变 （硕士论文摘要） 种姓制度作为古印度法律的核心内容，在古印度不同的法律历史时期，由于历史和社会的演进，有着不同的表现和模式。本文通过考察不同时期的历史背景，法律文献以及种姓制度本身，对古印度法律中种姓制度的演变进行了具体的分析。 本文首先对古印度法律的历史发展和渊源以及种姓制度的概念和内容进行了概述，然后分别对婆罗门教法时期，佛教法时期以及印度教法时期进行了考察和探究。在婆罗门教法时期，古印度因雅利安人的入侵并在原始宗教的影响下产生了婆罗门教，开始了种姓制度，并在“吠陀”文献中加以文字化；在佛教法时期，由于佛教和耆那教的冲击下种姓制度发生了一定的变化——婆罗门的地位有所降低，刹帝利的地位有所提高，但是这并不能说明种姓制度弱化了。同时，因为经济社会的发展，在此时期产生了“迦提”集团，这种细分，使种姓之间的界限更加的严格。另外，古印度法律的重要渊源之一《律藏》也在此时期产生；到了印度教时期，婆罗门教通过自身改革再次成为印度国教，印度法律文献的代表作《摩奴法典》诞生，种姓制度得到了进一步的强化。 文章在最后总结并分析了种姓制度的演变格局和根源，得出结论：古印度的种姓制度的本质是以种姓等级歧视取代种族歧视的社会形态的法律体现。另外，种姓制度的发展随着社会的发展呈现出一定的规律性的演变，以螺旋上升的态势得到不断的强化。 关键词：种姓制度，婆罗门教，《摩奴法典》 Evolution of Caste System in Ancient Indian Law （Abstract） Major: Juris Master Direction: Foreign Legal History Author: Tutor: Having existed for thousand years as an ancient hierarchical system, Caste System left great influence on legislation, politics, economy and culture of India. It showed different characteristics in different history period. Through study on the history and juristic literatures including Caste System, this paper is expected to explore the trend of the Caste system at different stages. After brief introduction of Ancient India legislation and Castle System, the period of Brahmanism, Buddhism period and Hinduism period have been investigated. During the period of Brahmanism, Brahmanism was created due to Aryan invasion and primitive religious. And the Castle System was founded at this stage and recorded officially in Veda literatures. During the period of Buddhism, a certain change happened to the Castle system: the status of Brahman decreased and Katriya’s increased a little bit. However, this doesn’t mean the weakening of Caste System. With the development of economy, the Jati group was formed which posed more strict segregation among different Castles at this stage. Furthermore, the Vinaya Pitaka, the most significant Buddhism literature, comes up at this period. Till the period of Hinduism, Brahmanism became state religion after reform a