年处理量500万吨原油常压蒸馏工段工艺设计.docVIP

内蒙古科技大学 本科生毕业设计说明书 题 目：年处理量500万吨原油常压蒸馏工段工艺设计 学生姓名：郭云飞 学 号：0966115303 专 业：化学工程与工艺 班 级：化工09-3班 指导教师：梁倩卿 摘 要 常压蒸馏装置是炼油厂的“龙头”装置，它的拔出率、产物质量、分离精度、能耗等对整个炼厂的后继加工过程影响很大。本次设计主要是针对年处理量500万吨大庆原油的常压蒸馏设计 原油常减压蒸馏作为原油的一次加工工艺，在原油加工总流程中占有重要作用，在炼厂具有举足轻重的地位，其运行的好坏直接影响到后续的加工过程。其中重要的分离设备—常压塔的设计，是能否获得高收率、高质量油的关键。 常压塔的设计主要是依据原油和产品的恩氏蒸馏数据，计算产品的各物性数据并确定切割方案、计算产品收率。 本设计采用的的基本方案为：常压蒸馏塔，常压塔采取双侧线，汽油从常压塔的塔顶产出，煤油和柴油分别从两个侧线产出，重油则由塔底产出。设计了一个常压汽化蒸馏装置，此装置的组成为：一台加热炉、一个常压塔和若干台换热器（完善的换热流程应达到要求：充分利用各种余热；换热器的换热强度较大；原油流动压力降较小）、冷凝冷却器以及机泵等。流程简单，投资和操作费用较少。原油通过这样的常压蒸馏，一般可得到350~370以前的几个馏分，可用作汽油、煤油（航空或灯用、）柴油等产品，也可分别作为重整化工（如轻油裂解）等装置的原料。本设计共用30块浮阀塔板，塔板间距0.8m，塔径为5.8m，塔高为26.3m。换热流程一共通过6次换热达到工艺要求，换热效率为。 关键词：大庆原油；常压塔；物料衡算；热量衡算；换热 Abstact Refinerys crude distillation unit is the leading device, it pulled out rate, product quality, segmentation accuracy, and energy consumption of the entire refinery great influence subsequent processing. This design mainly regards to which Daqing commingled crude oil are distilled by a process capacity of 5×106t/a in normal pressures. As a part of crude oil processing technique, the normal pressures distillation of crude oil is very important in the whole processing schemes of crude oil and refineries, and its operation status directly affects the very continuing machine process. There are a kind of important separate equipment----normal pressures columns, which is the key to attain high efficient, high quality oil. Atmospheric tower design is mainly products Engler distillation data to calculate the product of the physical property data to determine the cutting program to calculate the yield of the product. Design’s basic scheme is: The atmospheric tower is adopted. The column forthe distillation has two lateral line. Its tower top extracts gasoline and two lateral lines respectively extract kerosene and diesel fuel. To design a distillation device with a prefractionator，a atmospheric column with a piece of gasification. This device consists of a tubular-furnace, a atmo