初级中学语法经典讲解.docVIP

初中语法经典讲解 1.宾语从句：1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用适当时态。He says (that) he will have a walk soon. ? The teacherasks who is the cleverest in the school. ? I want to know who came here late this morning. ? 2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。 ? He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well. ? She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong. ? 3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。 Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth. 4宾语从句无论有何引导词，都要用陈述句语序。 ? Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是will you） ? Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she) 2.状语从句：1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果), unless(除非)，when(当…的时候), as soon as(一…就…)，before, after, until, till, as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。 You may take a rest when you finish doing your work. ? I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week. ? Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives. 2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，如： ? I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars. ? When he got to the park, his classmates had left. ? My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street. 3.定语从句：关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。 She is a girl who/that is beauti l and kind-hearted. ? She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well. ? That boy whosehair is very long is my brother. (所属) The girl whois tall is my sister. / I own a bike whoseprice is high. I bought a watch (which/that) I paid 100 yuan for. （指物） I prefer a place which/thatis clean and quiet. I prefer a place whereI can live a quiet life. （在这儿） I shall never forget the day whena boy helped me find my dog. 4.wish和hope:1wish可接to do sth. /sb to do sth. /that从句. I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao. I wish youto join my party this Sunday. I wish (that) I could be a scientist. 2hope接to do sth. 或that从句. 但不接sb to do sth. I hope to receive a letter from you some day. I hope (that) everything goes well. /I hope you wil