altered risk-based decision making following adolescent alcohol use results from an imbalance in reinforcement learning in rats青少年饮酒后改变基于风险的决策结果的不平衡在老鼠的强化学习.pdfVIP

Altered Risk-Based Decision Making following Adolescent Alcohol Use Results from an Imbalance in Reinforcement Learning in Rats 1 . 2. 1,3,4 1 2,3 Jeremy J. Clark * , Nicholas A. Nasrallah , Andrew S. Hart , Anne L. Collins , Ilene L. Bernstein , Paul E. M. Phillips1,3,4 1 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 3 Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 4 Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America Abstract Alcohol use during adolescence has profound and enduring consequences on decision-making under risk. However, the fundamental psychological processes underlying these changes are unknown. Here, we show that alcohol use produces over-fast learning for better-than-expected, but not worse-than-expected, outcomes without altering subjective reward valuation. We constructed a simple reinforcement learning model to simulate altered decision making using behavioral parameters extracted from rats with a history of adolescent alcohol use. Remarkably, the learning imbalance alone was sufficient to simulate the divergence in choice behavior observed between these groups of animals. These findings identify a selective alteration in reinforcement learning following adolescent alcohol use that can account for a robust change in risk-based decision making persisting into later life. Citation: Clark JJ, Nasrallah NA, Hart AS, Collins AL, Bernstein IL, et al. (2012)