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an emperor penguin population estimate the first global, synoptic survey of a species from space帝企鹅的人口估计第一个全球,从太空天气的调查一个物种
An Emperor Penguin Population Estimate: The First
Global, Synoptic Survey of a Species from Space
1 2 2 3 4
Peter T. Fretwell *, Michelle A. LaRue , Paul Morin , Gerald L. Kooyman , Barbara Wienecke ,
1 1 1 2 1
Norman Ratcliffe , Adrian J. Fox , Andrew H. Fleming , Claire Porter , Phil N. Trathan
1 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2 Polar Geospatial Center, University in Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, 3 Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, 4 Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Abstract
Our aim was to estimate the population of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes fosteri) using a single synoptic survey. We
examined the whole continental coastline of Antarctica using a combination of medium resolution and Very High
Resolution (VHR) satellite imagery to identify emperor penguin colony locations. Where colonies were identified, VHR
imagery was obtained in the 2009 breeding season. The remotely-sensed images were then analysed using a supervised
classification method to separate penguins from snow, shadow and guano. Actual counts of penguins from eleven ground
truthing sites were used to convert these classified areas into numbers of penguins using a robust regression
algorithm. We found four new colonies and confirmed the location of three previously suspected sites giving a total
number of emperor penguin breeding colonies of 46. We estima
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