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applications of chemical shift imaging to marine sciences对海洋科学的应用化学位移成像.pdf

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applications of chemical shift imaging to marine sciences对海洋科学的应用化学位移成像

Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 2369-2383; doi:10.3390/md8082369 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 /journal/marinedrugs Article Applications of Chemical Shift Imaging to Marine Sciences Haakil Lee 1,*, Andrey Tikunov 1,2, Michael K. Stoskopf 1,2,3 and Jeffrey M. Macdonald 1,2 1 Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering NC State University and UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 2 Environmental Medicine Consortium, NC State University, 4700 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, NC 27606 USA; E-Mails: tikunov@ (A.T.); michael_stoskopf@ (M.K.S.); jeffrey_macdonald@ (J.M.M.) 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough St., Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Haakil@; Tel.: +1-919-843-1496; Fax: +1-919-966-2963. Received: 29 June 2010; in revised form: 21 July 2010 / Accepted: 13 August 2010 / Published: 19 August 2010 Abstract: The successful applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in medicine are mostly due to the non-invasive and non-destructive nature of MRI techniques. Longitudinal studies of humans and animals are easily accomplished, taking advantage of the fact that MRI does not use harmful radiation that would be needed for plain film radiographic, computerized tomography (CT) or positron emission (PET) scans. Routine anatomic and functional studies using the strong signal from the most abundant magnetic nucleus, t