speciation in the deep sea multi-locus analysis of divergence and gene flow between two hybridizing species of hydrothermal vent mussels物种形成的深海多位点分析差异、两个杂交物种间的基因流动深海热液喷口贻贝.pdfVIP

Speciation in the Deep Sea: Multi-Locus Analysis of Divergence and Gene Flow between Two Hybridizing Species of Hydrothermal Vent Mussels Baptiste Faure1,2,3,4*, Didier Jollivet1,2, Arnaud Tanguy1,2, Franc¸ois Bonhomme3,4, Nicolas Bierne3,4 ´ 1 UPMC, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France, 2 CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France, 3 Universite Montpellier II, Montpellier, France, ´ ´ ` 4 CNRS UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Station Mediterraneenne de l’environnement littoral, Sete, France Abstract Background: Reconstructing the history of divergence and gene flow between closely-related organisms has long been a difficult task of evolutionary genetics. Recently, new approaches based on the coalescence theory have been developed to test the existence of gene flow during the process of divergence. The deep sea is a motivating place to apply these new approaches. Differentiation by adaptation can be driven by the heterogeneity of the hydrothermal environment while populations should not have been strongly perturbed by climatic oscillations, the main cause of geographic isolation at the surface. Methodology/Principal Finding: Samples of DNA sequences were obtained for seven nuclear loci and a mitochondrial locus in order to conduct a multi-locus analysis of divergence and gene flow between two closely related and hybridizing species of hydrothermal vent mussels, Bathymodiolus azoricus and B. puteoserpentis. The analysis revealed that (i) the two species have started to diverge approximately 0.760 million years ago, (ii) the B. azoricus population size was 2 to 5 time g