single nucleotide polymorphism typing of mycobacterium ulcerans reveals focal transmission of buruli ulcer in a highly endemic region of ghana单核苷酸多态性打字布鲁里溃疡溃疡分枝杆菌显示焦点传播的高流行地区的加纳.pdfVIP

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Typing of Mycobacterium ulcerans Reveals Focal Transmission of Buruli Ulcer in a Highly Endemic Region of Ghana ¨ 1,2 1,2¤a ´ ` 1,2 3 Katharina Roltgen , Weihong Qi , Marie-Therese Ruf , Ernestina Mensah-Quainoo , Sacha J. 4 5 4 ¨ 1,2¤b 6 Pidot , Torsten Seemann , Timothy P. Stinear , Michael Kaser , Dorothy Yeboah-Manu , Gerd Pluschke1,2* 1 Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland, 2 University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 3 Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health, Tema, Ghana, 4 Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, 5 Victorian Bioinformatics Consortium, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, 6 Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana Abstract Buruli ulcer (BU) is an emerging necrotizing disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. While proximity to stagnant or slow flowing water bodies is a risk factor for acquiring BU, the epidemiology and mode of M. ulcerans transmission is poorly understood. Here we have used high-throughput DNA sequencing and comparisons of the genomes of seven M. ulcerans isolates that appeared monomorphic by existing typing methods. We identified a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and developed a real-time PCR SNP typing method based on these differences. We then investigated clinical isolates of M. ulcerans on which we had detailed information concerning patient location and time of diagnosis. Within the Densu rive