第四章 线粒体遗传驳摹.pptVIP

第四章 多基因病;本章节重点;1894年，首次发现;1894年，首次发现;1894年，首次发现;一、mtDNA的结构特点;人mtDNA是一个长为16,569 bp的双链闭合环状分子，外环含G较多，称重链(H链)，内环含C较多，称轻链(L链)。;mtDNA结构紧凑，没有内含子，唯一的非编码区是D环区，长约1,000 bp左右。;线粒体的H链是12种多肽链、12S rRNA、16S rRNA和14种tRNA的转录模板，L链是1种多肽链和8种tRNA转录的模板。;由于缺乏组蛋白的保护，线粒体亦缺乏DNA损伤修复系统，mtDNA的突变率较高。;1. mtDNA具有半自主性;mtDNA的UGA编码色氨酸，而非终止信号。其tRNA的通用性较强，22个tRNA可识别48个密码子。;3. mtDNA为母系遗传;4. mtDNA在有丝分裂和减数分裂间都要经过复制分离;二、mtDNA的遗传学特征;对mtDNA分子病理学的研究证实mtDNA突变在许多疾病中存在，包括具有母系遗传特征的疾病，中老年时发病的一些退化性疾病，甚至衰老本身。;一、线粒体DNA的突变类型;Leber遗传性视神经病;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 As