大学生理考试重点重点（University physiological examination key points）.docVIP

大学生理考试重点重点（University physiological examination key points） University biology ~ learning skills ~ ~ physiological key share The first chapter is introduction 1 internal environment: an extracellular fluid that accounts for 1/3 of the body fluid, including tissue fluid, plasma, and lymph 2 homeostasis: a variety of physical and chemical factors within the environment remain relatively stable 3 the regulating mechanism of human body: nerve regulation, body fluid regulation and self regulation Self regulation: the response of an organism to its physiological specificity, and does not depend on the action of extraneous nerve or humoral factors The composition of the 4 reflex arc: receptor, afferent nerve fiber, reflex center, efferent nerve fiber, effector 5 characteristics of neuromodulation: rapid, limited, precise; fluid conditioning characteristics: slow, diffuse, persistent 6 body control system: non automatic control, feedback control, feedforward control Negative feedback: the role of feedback information is to reduce the feedback control of the activities of the control part, and play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the environment The second chapter is the basic function of cells The composition of the plasma membrane of 1 cell membranes and organelles: lipids, proteins, and very little sugars Classification of 2 membrane proteins: cytoskeletal proteins, proteins that recognize proteins, enzymes, receptor proteins, and trans membrane transporters 3 transmembrane transport of substance: (1) simple diffusion. Examples are: O2, N2, CO2, NH3, urea, ether, ethanol, steroids (2) facilitated diffusion. Example: A mediated by carrier: glucose, amino acid characteristics: saturation, structural specificity, competitive inhibition B mediated by channels: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, etc. Features: high speed transmembrane diffusion of A with a concentration or potential gradient The B gating system consists of voltage-gated channels and chemically gated chann