老年人肺炎（Pneumonia in the elderly）.docVIP

老年人肺炎（Pneumonia in the elderly） Pneumonia in the elderly Summary Pathogenesis Classification of pneumonia Clinical manifestation Laboratory tests and special examinations Scoring methods for pneumonia Therapeutic principle [pneumonia overview] pneumonia (pneumonia) Inflammation of the airways, alveoli, and lungs at the end of the airways can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms, physical and chemical factors, immune damage, allergies, and drugs. Bacterial pneumonia is the most common form of pneumonia and one of the most common infectious diseases. [epidemiology] the cause of high morbidity and mortality of pneumonia The social population is aging, smoking, accompanied by underlying diseases and low immune function. The incidence of pathogens, the incidence of hospital acquired pneumonia are increasing, the diagnosis of pathogens is difficult, irrational use of antibiotics leads to the increase of bacterial resistance and the aggravation of poverty among some people. Antibiotic resistance Respiratory infections are increasing: the aging of the society Many countries, young and female smokers increased year by year Global environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious The immunity of human body in modern city has been decreasing year by year Heavy social work deprives sports time [defense mechanism]: filtration and humidification of inhaled gases Cough reflex Bronchial mucous cilia carrying system Humoral and cellular immune system Neutrophils and macrophages [bacterial invasion]: inhalation of oropharyngeal colonization bacteria Aerosol particles inhalation: viruses, Legionella bacteria Colonization of bacteria Hematogenous dissemination of bacteria Direct implantation and adjacent tissue spread [etiology, pathogenesis, and pathology]: normal airways, below the trachea, remain sterile. Whether pneumonia occurs depends on two factors: pathogens and host factors. Community acquired pneumonia: (1) air inhalation; blood stream dissemination; infection of adj