语法专项训练之情态动词.docVIP

语法专项训练之情态动词 情态动词（modal verbs）：无人称和数的变化，只能与行为动词或状态动词构成谓语。既有情态助动词特征又具有实义动词特征的称为半情态助动词。 情态助动词：can(could),may(might),must,have to(had to),ought to,shall(should),will(would); 半情态助动词:dare ,need,used to,had better,would rather; 情态助动词 can的用法 表示能力(ability)，意为“能够” Can you finish the work tonight? 表示请求或允许（permission）,意为“可否”，“可以” Can I smoke here? *表示可能性（possibility），常用在否定句，[疑问句或感叹句（含惊讶、怀疑、不相信的语气），]意为“可能” Jack cant’t have arrived yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. Can it be true? How can you be so careless! can be 用于推测某人或某物一时的情况，意为“有时候会……” Drinks in restaurants can be very expensive. 惯用语 cannot……too 意为“无论怎样……也不为过；越……越好” I cannot thank you too much. You cannot be too careful in doing exercises. cannot help doing 意为“禁不住” 2、may和might的用法 1）表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事) May?I?sit?here? 2）表示推测? 两者都可用，只是?might比?may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。 He?may?know?the?answer.(可能性较大) He?might know?the?answer.（可能性较小） 3）might 常用于表示委婉的请求或者轻微的责备 You might have let me known before! 惯用语 may/might (just)as well 意为“最好”（= ）,用于提出建议 You may as well give him the letter. May/might as well +do A + as +do B 意为“与其做B不如做A” You might as well throw the money as lend it to him. must 和have to 的用法 1)*must表示有把握的推测：（否定：cannot be） ①对现在情况的推测：must +动词原形 The lecture hall is so crowded. There must be over 600 people in it. ②表示对过去事情的推测: must+完成时You must have left your umbrella in the theatre.你一定把雨伞丢在剧院里了。His car is still here. He must have gone by bus.他的车还在这里，他一定乘公共汽车走了。③对现在正在进行中的事的推测：must be +现在分词 You look happy .You must be having a good time. have to表示“必须”，“不得不”，在这个意义上与must很接近，但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to 表示的却是客观需要。I have to go now.我得走了。（客观需要）I must go now.我必须走。（主观看法）You have to work hard to make a living.为了谋生你就得努力工作。（客观需要）You must do what I tell you.你必须按照我告诉你的去做。（主观要求）（5）have to 有更多的时态形式：现在时，过去时，将来时等，而must只有现在时形式。We had to be there at 8.我们得8点到那里。I shall have to go to school tomorrow.明天我得去上学了。（6）have to 不能代替表推测的must，但在虚拟条件句中用had had to+动词原形表示与过去相反的情况。You must be joking.你一定是在开玩笑。（不能