大气颗粒物的影响.docx

大气颗粒物的影响方瑾（浙江海洋学院 海洋科学学院 浙江 舟山）【摘要】：大气颗粒物是影响城市空气环境质量的重要因素，尤其在城市近地面环境，即人呼吸带高度周围，大气颗粒物对人类健康有至关重要的影响。而城市近地面环境与人呼吸带高度范围相当，近地面大气颗粒物对行人健康有直接影响。而其中可吸入颗粒物已经逐渐成为我国许多大中城市的首要空气污染物，据国家环保总局污控司大气处2004年2月统计，在全国监测统计的343个城市中，60.0%城市颗粒物PM10浓度超标。包括北京、上海等113个重点城市中，64.6%的城市超标。其中37.7%的城市超过三级标准。有308个城市总悬浮物平均浓度高于世界卫生组织的客气质量指南值，占统计城市的95.7%。【关键词】：颗粒物，空间分布，环境污染，危害人体健康，净化The influence of atmospheric particulatesFANG Jin（Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan Zhejiang）Abstract:Atmospheric particulate matter is influence city ambient air quality is an important factor, especially in the city near the ground environment, namely human breathing zone height around, atmospheric particulate matter on human health have crucial effect. While the city near the ground environment and human breathing zone height range, near ground atmospheric particulate matter health has a direct impact on pedestrian. The particulate matter has gradually become Chinas large and medium-sized city s primary air pollutants, according to the State Environmental Protection Administration Department of pollution control air department in 2004February statistic, in national monitoring statistics of 343City,60% City particulate matter concentrations exceed the standard PM10. Including Beijing, Shanghai and so on 113 key city,64.6% City exceed the standard. In which 37.7% of the city of more than three standard. There are 308city total suspended solids concentration higher than who kind quality value, accounting for95.7% of the city.Key words：Particulate matter，，Environment pollution，Endanger human body health，Purify1.大气颗粒物的组成 大气颗粒物是影响城市空气环境质量的重要因素[1]，尤其在城市近地面环境，即人呼吸带高度周围，大气颗粒物对人类健康有至关重要的影响[2-4]。城市近地面环境亦是大气颗粒物通过干湿沉降、碰撞、粘附、扬起等机制，与地面物质之间进行交换的重要场所[5-6]。了解大气颗粒物在城市近地表环境的时空分布特征十分必要。植物叶片是近地面环境大气颗粒物的良好载体，它通过吸附、阻滞、承接作用成为空气颗粒物过滤器[7-8]，通过对滞尘叶片的各种测试可探讨大气颗粒物的质量、大小、成分等诸多要素[9-11]。相对于固定站点的器测，植物叶片监测更是具有操作便利、消耗低、普适性强等优势。对于城市植物叶片滞尘的相关研究较多，探讨了不同植物种类叶片的滞尘效应[12-17]及叶片颗粒物来源[14]，但利用叶片滞尘效应分析城市近地面环境大气颗粒物空间变化特征的研究较少。本文即以大气颗粒物污染严重的石家庄市为代