对植物轮作与探讨.docVIP

　 对植物轮作的探讨 Crop rotation to plants 摘要：以大豆为例，论述了轮作的作用，分析了非合理轮作对大豆产量的影响，并提出合理的轮作方式，以期为轮作的推广提供参考。 Abstract: soybeans, for example, discusses the effect of crop rotation, non reasonable crop rotation effect on yield of soybean were analyzed, and put forward reasonable crop rotation, so as to provide reference for popularize crop rotation. 关键词：轮作，大豆，作用，产量 Key words: rotation, soybeans, and production 一、合理轮作的作用 reasonable crop rotation. 1、轮作能合理利用土壤中的养分，提高土壤肥力。由于作物产品中所含的灰分和各种元素绝大部分是从土壤中吸收的,而作物的种类不同，对养分的吸收也不同。据研究：禾谷类作物对氮素需要较多；块根和块茎类作物如甜菜、马铃薯对钾肥需求较多，氮肥需求较少；豆类作物由于根瘤具有固氮作用，需氮较少，而需磷较多。由此可见，,把需要不同营养元素的各种作物进行轮换种植，就能全面的、均衡的利用土壤中的各种营养元素。 Crop rotation, rational utilization of nutrients in the soil, improve soil fertility. Due to the crop products contained in the ash and for the most part all kinds of elements from the soil to absorb, and the type of crops on the absorption of nutrients are also different. According to research: cereal crops of nitrogen need more; Root and tuber crops such as sugar beet, potatoes more demand for potash fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer demand less; Have nitrogen fixation, root nodules legume crops due to less nitrogen, and phosphorus is more. And, therefore, is to need different nutritional elements of all kinds of crops for rotation, can a comprehensive and balanced use of various nutrients in the soil. 由于各种作物的根系发育状况不同，如禾谷类作物根系入土较浅，多分布在土壤表层，而豆科作物根系入土相对较深,多分布在土壤中下层，而且范围广。因此，如果将豆科作物与禾本科作物轮作，就能使土壤中全层养分得到合理利用。各种作物留在土壤中的根残物被土壤微生物分解后，形成腐殖质，可均衡地增加土壤养分，全面提高土壤肥力，并调节利用土壤中难溶性的矿质养分。所以，通过轮作可以使作物之间互相弥补，共同增产。 Due to various crops growth of root system, such as cereal crop, root soil into a shallow, more distribution in soil, while leguminous crops root soil into a relatively deep and much lower distribution in soil, and a wide range. So if the leguminous crops and gramineous crop rotation, can make more reasonable use of all layers in the soil nutrient. Various is left in the soil of crop root residue soil after microbial decomposi