CPPM混合励磁同步电动机的基本原理与特性.doc

CPPM混合励磁同步电动机的基本原理与特性 TAKAYUKI MIZUNO, KAZUTOSHI NAGAYAMA, TADASHI ASHIKAGA and TADAO KOBAYASHI 日本明电舍公司（MEIDENSHA CORP.） 摘 要 永磁同步电动机在工业上得到了广泛应用。众所周知，由于不需要励磁输入，电机运行效率高。然而，由永磁材料特性决定的磁通大致保持恒定，导致永磁电机的气隙磁场难以调节。另一方面，电励磁同步电动机的气隙磁场容易调节，但在额定负载时励磁铜耗较大。为使磁通易于控制并改善传统同步电机的性能，作者提出了一种带永磁体和励磁绕组的混合励磁同步电动机（HSY），HSY的主要优点有：① 无刷（免维护），② 所需的励磁容量很小（高效率），③ 容易实现较强的磁场控制等。正因如此，混合励磁同步电动机在不同领域都有良好的应用前景。本文主要讨论和分析混合励磁同步电动机的基本原理与特性。 SUMMARY Permanent magnet type synchronous machines have been widely used for industrial applications. It is commonly known that they are operated at high efficiency since no excitation input is required. However, it is difficult to control the air-gap magnetic flux, because the magnetic flux is determined by the property of the permanent magnet and approximately kept constant. On the other hand, synchronous machines with the field winding make it easy to control the air-gap magnetic flux. But the copper loss of the field winding becomes large at the rated load. In order to realize the magnetic flux control easily and improve the performance of the conventional synchronous machine, we propose a hybrid excitation type synchronous machine (HSY) with the permanent magnets and the field winding. Advantages of HSY are (1) it has no brushes (maintenance free), (2) required excitation input is small (high efficiency), (3) it is easy to get a sufficient magnetic flux control, and others. Therefore, HSY has a great possibility of use for various applications. In this paper, basic principles and characteristics of HSY are mainly discussed and made clear. 关键词 同步电机，永磁，励磁绕组，混合励磁，磁场控制，有限元方法 Keywords: Synchronous machine; permanent magnet; field winding; hybrid excitation; field control; finite element method. 引言 与其它旋转电机相比，永磁同步电动机（PMSY）的特点是无刷设计，并且不需要电励磁，可以实现高效率。正因如此，随着稀土永磁材料的出现，永磁同步电动机在工业领域得到了广泛应用，而且容易制造出数十千瓦的PMSY。然而，PMSY也有明显的缺点。如前述，由于永磁体特性所决定的电机气隙磁场几乎不变，绕组感应电压随转速变化，这妨碍了作为电动机使用时的恒输出运行，或作为发电机使用时的恒压运行。对于电动机，可采用具有弱磁控制的嵌入式永磁（flush-magnet）电机实现宽范围的恒输出运行。然而，若采用高性能的稀土永磁，即使在空载情况下