策略与生产力Competitiveness,StrategyandProductivity.pptVIP

* 第2章 競爭力、策略與生產力 * 2.7 生產力 Productivity 生產力 (productivity) 為衡量產出量（商品與服務）與投入量（人工、物料、能源及其他資源）之間關係的指標，通常以下列產出量與投入量的比率來表示： An index to measure the relationship between output (goods and services ) and input (labor, materials, energy, and other resources) output Productivity = input * 第2章 競爭力、策略與生產力 * 2.7 生產力 Productivity 生產力成長率( productivity growth) 指某一期所增加的成長力相對於前一期的生產力之成長率。 The productivity growth is the increase in productivity from one period as relative to the productivity of next preceding period. current productivity – previous productivity Productivity growth = x 100% previous productivity * 第2章 競爭力、策略與生產力 * 衡量生產力的不同方式Different ways to measure productivity 計算生產力： calculate productivity Partial measures output / labor output / machine output / energy Multifactor measures output / labor +machine output / labor + capital + energy Total measure goods or services produced / all inputs used to produce them * 第2章 競爭力、策略與生產力 * 偏生產力衡量的例子Example of partial productivity measures Labor productivity units of output per labor hour units of output per shift value-added per labor hour dollar value of output per labor hour Machine productivity units of output per machine hour dollar value of output per machine hour Capital productivity units of output per dollar input dollar value of output per dollar input Energy productivity units of output per kilowatt-hour dollar value of output per kilowatt-hour * 第2章 競爭力、策略與生產力 * 整體生產力 Overall productivity 整體