新概念第二册第4课-z.ppt

now past future 一般过去时 一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情 现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响 Grammar 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较? 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 2一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1990, in October, just now, …-- 具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, … --模糊的时间状语 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 错Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. 对Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. Grammar 3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).(在团内的状态可延续) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续) Grammar 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段 时间的状语连用。 比较延续动词与瞬间动词? He has finished the work.他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)I’ve known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历) Grammar since 用来说明动作起始时间— “自从……” for用来说明动作延续时间长度— “长达……” I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.　 I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 比较since和for 并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years.　　　 (现在我仍在这里工作。) Grammar He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已经)去上海了。 He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。 比较 have/has been to , have/has gone to Grammar He died 10 years ago. --- He ____ ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. --- He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here