液压及气压传动 英文版 液压流体力学基础.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Fundamental Hydraulic  Fluid Mechanics 2.1 Performances of the Hydraulic Oil 2.1.1 The main performances 2.1.2 The requests and choice of hydraulic oil 1. Density (Kg/m3) There are three methods to describe the viscosity: absolute viscosity, Kinematic viscosity and relative viscosity. Fig. 2-2 illustrates the 0E viscometer principle. Request The oil plays two roles of transmission energy and lubrication on the surfaces of working interaction. The requests for the hydraulic fluids are: appropriate viscosity, the good in property of favorable viscosity－temperature, a good lubricity, chemically and environmentally stabilities, compatible with other system materials and so on. 2.2 Hydrostatics 2.2.1 Characteristics of Hydrostatics 2.2.2 The basic formula of hydrostatics 2.2.3 The principle of Pascal application 2.2.4 Effect of fluid pressure on curved surfaces 2.2.2 The basic formula of hydrostatics 2. The definition of pressure (1) Absolute pressure Relative gauge pressure ：The pressures measured by a pressure gauge are all relative pressure (3) Vacuum (negative pressure) Fig. 2-5 absolute, relative and vacuum pressure Example 2-1: The oil is full in a container. For a given condition: the density of oil , the action force on this piston surface F＝1000(N), the area of piston Ａ=1×10-3(m2), if the mass of piston is neglected, try to calculate the static pressure p at h = 0.5ｍ, as shown in Fig. 2-6. 2.2.3 The principle of Pascal application (1) When the wall is plane ：F=P?A (2) When wall is a curved surface ： 2.3 Hydrodynamics 2.3.1 The equation of continuity- conservation of mass 2.3.2 Bernoulli Equation --conservation of energy 2.3.3 Equation of momentum-conservation of momentum The equations of continuity, Bernoulli and momentum are basic