adenyl cyclases and camp in plant signaling - past and present腺嘌呤环化酶,在植物信号u2014u2014过去和现在.pdfVIP

Gehring Cell Communication and Signaling 2010, 8:15 /content/8/1/15 R E V I E W Open Access Review Adenyl cyclases and cAMP in plant signaling - past and present Chris Gehring Abstract In lower eukaryotes and animals 3-5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and adenyl cyclases (ACs), enzymes that catalyse the formation of cAMP from ATP, have long been established as key components and second messengers in many signaling pathways. In contrast, in plants, both the presence and biological role of cAMP have been a matter of ongoing debate and some controversy. Here we shall focus firstly on the discovery of cellular cAMP in plants and evidence for a role of this second messenger in plant signal transduction. Secondly, we shal l review current evidence of plant ACs, analyse aspects of their domain organisations and the biological roles of candidate molecules. In addition, we shall assess different approaches based on search motifs consisting of functionally assigned amino acids in the catalytic centre of annotated and/or experimentally tested nucleotide cyclases that can contribute to the identification of novel candidate molecules with AC activity such as F-box and TIR proteins. Is there cAMP-dependent signaling in plants? levels in plants appeared to be low compared to that By the mid 1970s, 3-5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate found in animals and secondly, vagaries of the assays were (cAMP) had been firmly established as an important sig- not conducive to firm conclusions [5]. Whilst more naling molecule and second messenger in both animals advanced analytical tools have since overcome the second and lower eukaryotes [1-4]. It was understood that adenyl