antibody isotype analysis of malaria-nematode co-infection problems and solutions associated with cross-reactivity抗体同形像的分析malaria-nematode合并感染与大相关问题和解决方案.pdfVIP

Fairlie-Clarke et al. BMC Immunology 2010, 11:6 /1471-2172/11/6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Antibody isotype analysis of malaria-nematode co-infection: problems and solutions associated with cross-reactivity 1* 2 3 1,4 1 Karen J Fairlie-Clarke , Tracey J Lamb , Jean Langhorne , Andrea L Graham , Judith E Allen Abstract Background: Antibody isotype responses can be useful as indicators of immune bias during infection. In studies of parasite co-infection however, interpretation of immune bias is complicated by the occurrence of cross-reactive antibodies. To confidently attribute shifts in immune bias to the presence of a co-infecting parasite, we suggest practical approaches to account for antibody cross-reactivity. The potential for cross-reactive antibodies to influence disease outcome is also discussed. Results: Utilising two murine models of malaria-helminth co-infection we analysed antibody responses of mice singly- or co-infected with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Litomosoides sigmodontis. We observed cross-reactive antibody responses that recognised antigens from both pathogens irrespective of whether crude parasite antigen preparations or purified recombinant proteins were used in ELISA. These responses were not apparent in control mice. The relative strength of cross-reactive versus antigen-specific responses was determined by calculating antibody titre. In addition, we analysed antibody binding to periodate- treated antigens, to distinguish responses targeted to protein versus carbohydrate moieties. Periodate treatment affected both antigen-specific and cross-reactive responses. For example, malaria-induced cross-reactive IgG1 responses were foun