原创力文档association between smoking and chronic kidney disease a case control study联系吸烟和慢性肾病病例对照研究.pdfVIP
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association between smoking and chronic kidney disease a case control study联系吸烟和慢性肾病病例对照研究
Yacoub et al. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:731
/1471-2458/10/731
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access
Association between smoking and chronic kidney
disease: a case control study
1* 2 4 4 1 4 3
Rabi Yacoub , Habib Habib , Ayham Lahdo , Radwan Al Ali , Leon Varjabedian , George Atalla , Nader Kassis Akl ,
4 4 4
Saleem Aldakheel , Saeed Alahdab , Sami Albitar
Abstract
Background: The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains one of the main challenges in clinical
nephrology. Therefore, identifying the pathophysiological mechanisms and the independent preventable risk
factors helps in decreasing the number of patients suffering end stage renal disease and slowing its progression.
Methods: Smoking data was analyzed in patients with CKD throughout 2005-2009. One hundred and ninety-eight
patients who had recently been diagnosed with stage three CKD or higher according to the National Kidney
Foundation (NKF) 2002 Classification were studied. The control group was randomly selected and then matched
with the case subjects using a computerized randomization technique. The relative risk was estimated by
computing odds ratio (OR) by using multinomial logistic regression in SPSS ® for Windows between the two
groups.
Results: Smoking significantly increases the risk of CKD (OR = 1.6, p = 0.009, 95% CI = 1.12-2.29). When compared
to nonsmokers, current smokers have an increased risk of having CKD (OR = 1.63 p = 0.02, 95% CI = 1.08-2.45),
while former smokers did not have a statistically significant difference. The risk increased with high cumulative
quantity (OR among smokers with 30 pack-years was 2.6, p = 0.00, 95% CI = 1.53-4.41). Smokin
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