hiv-1 virological synapse is not simply a copycat of the immunological synapsehiv - 1病毒学突触不仅仅是免疫突触的模仿.pdfVIP

Viruses 2010, 2, 1239-1260; doi:10.3390/v2051239 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review HIV-1 Virological Synapse is not Simply a Copycat of the Immunological Synapse Gaia Vasiliver-Shamis 1,*, Michael L. Dustin 1 and Catarina E. Hioe 2,* 1 Program in Molecular Pathogenesis, Martin and Helen Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; E-Mail: michael.dustin@ 2 Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: vasilivershamg@ (G.V.-S.); catarina.hioe@ (C.E.H.); Tel.: 212-263-6769; Fax: 212-951-6321. Received: 3 March 2010; in revised form: 5 May 2010 / Accepted: 12 May 2010 / Published: 21 May 2010 Abstract: The virological synapse (VS) is a tight adhesive junction between an HIV-infected cell and an uninfected target cell, across which virus can be efficiently transferred from cell to cell in the absence of cell-cell fusion. The VS has been postulated to resemble, in its morphology, the well-studied immunological synapse (IS). This review article discusses the structural similarities between IS and VS and the shared T cell receptor (TCR) signaling components that are found in the VS. However, the IS and the VS display distinct kine