orexin receptor targets for anti-relapse medication development in drug addiction促食素受体药物成瘾anti-relapse药物发展的目标.pdf

Pharmaceuticals 2011, 4, 804-821; doi:10.3390/ph4060804 OPEN ACCESS Pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 /journal/pharmaceuticals Review Orexin Receptor Targets for Anti-Relapse Medication Development in Drug Addiction Luyi Zhou, Wei-Lun Sun and Ronald E. See * Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: seere@; Tel.: +1-843-792-2487; Fax: +1-843-792-4423. Received: 2 May 2011; in revised form: 8 June 2011 / Accepted: 8 June 2011 / Published: 14 June 2011 Abstract: Drug addiction is a chronic illness characterized by high rates of relapse. Relapse to drug use can be triggered by re-exposure to drug-associated cues, stressful events, or the drug itself after a period of abstinence. Pharmacological intervention to reduce the impact of relapse-instigating factors offers a promising target for addiction treatment. Growing evidence has implicated an important role of the orexin/hypocretin system in drug reward and drug-seeking, including animal models of relapse. Here, we review the evidence for the role of orexins in modulating reward and drug-seeking in animal models of addiction and the potential for orexin receptors as specific targets for anti-relapse medication approaches. Keywords: addiction; hypocretin; orexin; reinstatement; re