orthopoxvirus genome evolution the role of gene lossorthopoxvirus基因组进化基因损失的作用.pdfVIP

Viruses 2010, 2, 1933-1967; doi:10.3390/v2091933 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Article Orthopoxvirus Genome Evolution: The Role of Gene Loss Robert Curtis Hendrickson 1,†, Chunlin Wang 2,†, Eneida L. Hatcher 1 and Elliot J. Lefkowitz 1,* 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BBRB 276/11, 845 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35222, USA; E-Mails: curtish@ (R.C.H.); eneidao@ (E.L.H.) 2 Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, 855 California Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; E-Mail: wangcl@ † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: elliotl@; Tel.: +1-205-934-1946; Fax: +1-205-934-9256. Received: 14 July 2010; in revised form: 25 August 2010 / Accepted: 1 September 2010 / Published: 15 September 2010 Abstract: Poxviruses are highly successful pathogens, known to infect a variety of hosts. The family Poxviridae includes Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, which has been eradicated as a public health threat but could potentially reemerge as a bioterrorist threat. The risk scenario includes other animal poxviruses and genetically engineered manipulations of poxviruses. Studies of orthologous gene sets have established the evolutionary relationships of members within the Poxviridae family. It is not clear, however, how variations between family members arose in the past, an important issue in understanding how thes