oxidative stress and antioxidant defense氧化应激和抗氧化防御.pdfVIP

REVIEW ARTICLE Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Esra Birben PhD,1 Umit Murat Sahiner MD,1 Cansin Sackesen MD,1 Serpil Erzurum MD,2 and Omer Kalayci, MD1 which include enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by living that are usually effective in blocking harmful effects of organisms as a result of normal cellular metabolism and environ- ROS. However, in pathological conditions, the antioxidant mental factors, such as air pollutants or cigarette smoke. ROS are systems can be overwhelmed. In this review, we summarize highly reactive molecules and can damage cell structures such as the cellular oxidant and antioxidant systems and regulation carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins and alter their of the reducing and oxidizing (redox) state in health and functions. The shift in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants disease states. in favor of oxidants is termed “oxidative stress.” Regulation of reducing and oxidizing (redox) state is critical for cell viability, activation, proliferation, and organ function. Aerobic organisms have