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pentacyclic triterpenoids from the medicinal herb, centella asiatica (l.) urban五环的常用药用草药,积雪草(l).pdf

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pentacyclic triterpenoids from the medicinal herb, centella asiatica (l.) urban五环的常用药用草药,积雪草(l)

Molecules 2009, 14, 3922-3941; doi:10.3390/molecule OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Review Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from the Medicinal Herb, Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Jacinda T. James and Ian A. Dubery * Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa E-Mail: jacindaj@uj.ac.za (J.T.J.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: idubery@uj.ac.za; Tel./Fax: +27-11-559-2401. Received: 30 June 2009; in revised form: 15 September 2009 / Accepted: 17 September 2009 / Published: 9 October 2009 Abstract: Centella asiatica accumulates large quantities of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, collectively known as centelloids. These terpenoids include asiaticoside, centelloside, madecassoside, brahmoside, brahminoside, thankuniside, sceffoleoside, centellose, asiatic-, brahmic-, centellic- and madecassic acids. The triterpene saponins are common secondary plant metabolites and are synthesized via the isoprenoid pathway to produce a hydrophobic triterpenoid structure (aglycone) containing a hydrophilic sugar chain (glycone). The biological activity of saponins has been attributed to these characteristics. In planta, the Centella triterpenoids can be regarded as phytoanticipins due to their antimicrobial activities and protective role against attempted pathogen infections. Preparations of C. asiatica are used in traditional and alt