polybrominated diphenyl ethers in relation to autism and developmental delay a case-control study多溴二苯醚与自闭症和发育迟缓的病例对照研究.pdfVIP

Hertz-Picciotto et al. Environmental Health 2011, 10:1 /content/10/1/1 RESEARCH Open Access Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in relation to autism and developmental delay: a case-control study 1* 2 2 1 1 3 Irva Hertz-Picciotto , Åke Bergman , Britta Fängström , Melissa Rose , Paula Krakowiak , Isaac Pessah , Robin Hansen4, Deborah H Bennett1 Abstract Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants used widely and in increasing amounts in the U.S. over the last few decades. PBDEs and their metabolites cross the placenta and studies in rodents demonstrate neurodevelopmental toxicity from prenatal exposures. PBDE exposures occur both via breastfeeding and hand-to-mouth activities in small children. Methods: Participants were 100 children from the CHARGE (CHildhood A utism Risk from Genetics and the Environment) Study, a case-control epidemiologic investigation of children with autism/autism spectrum disorder, with developmental delay and from the general population. Diagnoses of autism were confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Autism Diagnostic Inventory-Revised, and of developmental delay using the Mullen’s Scales of Early Learning and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Typically developing controls were those with no evidence of delay, autism, or autism spectrum disorder. Eleven PBDE congeners were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry from serum specimens collected after children were assessed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between plasma PBDEs and autism. Results: Children with autism/autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay were similar to typically developing controls for all PBDE congeners, but