prevention of fractures in older people with calcium and vitamin d预防老年人骨折的钙和维生素d.pdfVIP

Nutrients 2010, 2, 975-984; doi:10.3390/nu2090975 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 /journal/nutrients Review Prevention of Fractures in Older People with Calcium and Vitamin D Caryl A. Nowson School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood VIC 3125, Australia; E-Mail: caryl.nowson@.au Received: 3 August 2010; in revised form: 18 August 2010 / Accepted: 23 August 2010 / Published: 16 September 2010 Abstract: The greatest cause of fracture in older people is osteoporosis which contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in older people. A number of meta-analyses have been performed assessing the effectiveness of calcium supplementation alone, vitamin D supplementation alone and the combined therapy on bone loss and fracture reduction in older people. The results of these meta-analyses indicate that vitamin D supplementation alone is unlikely to reduce fracture risk, calcium supplementation alone has a modest effect in reducing total fracture risk, but compliance with calcium supplements is poor in the long term. The combination of calcium supplementation with vitamin D supplementation, particularly in those at risk of marginal and low vitamin D status reduces total fractures, including hip fractures. Therefore older people would be recommended to consume adequate dietary calcium (1100 mg/day) together with maintaining adequate vitamin D status