retroviral integration site selection逆转录病毒整合选址.pdfVIP

Viruses 2010, 2, 111-130; doi:10.3390/v2010111 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Retroviral Integration Site Selection Sébastien Desfarges and Angela Ciuffi * Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 48, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; E-Mail: Sebastien.Desfarges@chuv.ch * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Angela.Ciuffi@chuv.ch; Tel.: +41-21-314-66-71; Fax: +41-21-314-40-95. Received: 8 October 2009; in revised form: 21 December 2009 / Accepted: 5 January 2010 / Published: 12 January 2010 Abstract: The stable insertion of a copy of their genome into the host cell genome is an essential step of the life cycle of retroviruses. The site of viral DNA integration, mediated by the viral-encoded integrase enzyme, has important consequences for both the virus and the host cell. The analysis of retroviral integration site distribution was facilitated by the availability of the human genome sequence, revealing the non-random feature of integration site selection and identifying different favored and disfavored genomic locations for individual retroviruses. This review will summarize the current knowledge about retroviral differences in their integration site preferences as well as the mechanisms involved in this process. Keywords: retrovirus; integration; site selection; integrase; HIV; LEDGF; LEDGF/p75; PSIP1; lentivirus; transcripti