risk of human exposure to arsenic and other toxic elements from geophagy trace element analysis of baked clay using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry人类的风险暴露于砷从习俗和其他有毒元素微量元素分析烤粘土用电感耦合等离子体质谱法.pdfVIP

Risk of human exposure to arsenic and other toxic elements from geophagy: trace element analysis of baked clay using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Al-Rmalli et al. Al-Rmalli et al. Environmental Health 2010, 9:79 /content/9/1/79 RESEARCH Open Access Risk of human exposure to arsenic and other toxic elements from geophagy: trace element analysis of baked clay using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 1 1 2 1* Shaban W Al-Rmalli , Richard O Jenkins , Michael J Watts , Parvez I Haris Abstract Background: Geophagy or earth-eating is common amongst some Bangladeshi women, especially those who are pregnant, both in Bangladesh and in the United Kingdom. A large proportion of the population in Bangladesh is already exposed to high concentrations of arsenic (As) and other toxic elements from drinking contaminated groundwater. Additional exposure to As and other toxic elements from non-food sources has not been adequately addressed and here we present the first study to monitor As levels in baked clay (known as sikor). Methods: Sikor samples originating from Bangladesh were digested using a microwave digester and analysed for their As, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe and Zn levels using ICP-MS. Detailed As speciation analysis was performed using HPLC-ICP- MS. Results: Of particular concern were the levels of As (3.8-13.1 mg kg-1), Cd (0.09-0.4 mg kg-1) and Pb (21-26.7 mg kg-1) present in the sikor samples and their possible impact on human health. Speciation analysis revealed that sikor samples contained mainly inorganic As. Modest consumption of 50 g of sikor is equivalent to ingesting 370 μg of As and 1235 μg of Pb per day, based on median concentration values. This level of sikor consumption exceeds the permitted maximum tole