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Retinal Encoding of Ultrabrief Shape Recognition Cues Ernest Greene1,2* 1 Laboratory for Neurometric Research, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, 2 Neuropsychology Foundation, Sun Valley, California, United States of America Shape encoding mechanisms can be probed by the sequential brief display of dots that mark the boundary of the shape, and delays of less that a millisecond between successive dots can impair recognition. It is not entirely clear whether this is accomplished by preserving stimulus timing in the signal being sent to the brain, or calls for a retinal binding mechanism. Two experiments manipulated the degree of simultaneity among and within dot pairs, requiring also that the pair members be in the same half of the visual field or on opposite halves, i.e., across the midline from one another. Recognition performance was impaired the same for these two conditions. The results make it likely that simultaneity of cues is being registered within the retina. A potential mechanism is suggested, calling for linkage of stimulated sites through activation of PA1 cells. A third experiment confirmed a prior finding that the overall level of recognition deficit is partly a function of display-set size, and affirmed submillisecond resolution in binding dot pairs into effective shape-recognition cues. Citation: Greene E (2007) Retinal Encoding of Ultrabrief Shape Recognition Cues. PLoS ONE 2(9): e871. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000871 INTRODUCTION activity within the retina whose purpose was to modify the utility of shape-recognition cues. The signal may be filtered for contrast,