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role of lifshitz invariants in liquid crystals谨言不变量在液晶中的作用
Materials 2009, 2, 674-698; doi:10.3390/ma2020674
OPEN ACCESS
materials
ISSN 1996-1944
/journal/materials
Article
Role of Lifshitz Invariants in Liquid Crystals
Amelia Sparavigna
Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, Italy;
E-Mail: amelia.sparavigna@polito.it; Tel. +39-011-564-7360; Fax: +39-011-564-7399
Received: 5 May 2009; in revised form: 12 June 2009 / Accepted: 16 June 2009 /
Published: 16 June 2009
Abstract: The interaction between an external action and the order parameter, via a
dependence described by a so-called Lifshitz invariant, is very important to determine the
final configuration of liquid crystal cells. The external action can be an electric field
applied to the bulk or the confinement due to free surfaces or cell walls. The Lifshitz
invariant includes the order parameter in the form of an elastic strain. This coupling
between elastic strains and fields, inserted in a Landau-Ginzburg formalism, is well known
and gives rise to striction effects causing undulations in the director configuration. We
want to discuss here the role of Lifshitz coupling terms, following an approach similar to
that introduced by Dzyaloshinskii for magnetic materials. Case studies on nematics in
planar and cylindrical cells are also proposed.
Keywords: liquid crystals; nematics; confined nematics
1. Introduction
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