语法4 直接引语 时态.pptVIP

1 The world population __ 7 billion by October 31.2011. A had reached B have reached C reached D reaches 2 I asked the shop assistant __ do with the damaged goods. A What I should B how I should C what should I D how should I 3 Over the past decades, sea ice __ in the Arctic as a result of global warning. A had been decreasing B decreased C has been decreasing D is decreasing 4 – What did she ask you just now ? -- She asked me if __ the film. A I saw B I see C I would see D I had seen;直接引语与间接引语 直接引语转化成间接引语，从句中的人称、时态、指示 代词、时间状语、地点状语等需要进行相应的变化。尤其 要注意以下四个变化：时态的变化、人称变化、状语变化 句型变化。 1 时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时，时态变化遵循“退一步”原则。 间接引语中的谓语动词一般按下列规律。 1）一般现在时 变为 一般过去时 She said to me,“ I can’t finish the work today.” She told me that I couldn’t finish the work that day. 2) 现在进行时 变为 过去进行时 He said, “ Are you coming tomorrow ?”--- He asked me if I was coming the next day. 3) 现在完成时 变为 过去完成时;She said to me, “Have you read this books?”--- She asked me whether\if I had read that books. 4)一般过去时 变为 过去完成时 She said, “He left 20 minutes before.”---She said that he Had left 20 minutes before. 5)过去完成时不变 6）一般将来时 变为 过去将来时 She said to her father, “ How will you come here tomo- rrow ?”– She asked her father how he would go there the next day. 2 句型的变化 1）直接引语若为陈述句，间接引语往往变为由从属连词 that（在口语中可以省略）引导的宾语从句。引述动词常 用 say that 等 2）转述一般疑问句和反义疑问句时，用if\whether接宾语;从句，改用陈述语气。 He asked, “ You are a native, aren’t you ?”– He asked me If\whether I was a native. My father asked, “ Did you sleep well last night?”– My Father asked me whether \if I had slept well the night Before. 3) 转述特殊疑问句时，由原疑问词引导宾语从句，改用 陈述句语序。 He said, “ What are you going to do tomorrow?”– He Asked me what I was going to do the next day. 4) 直接引语是选择疑问句时，接whether引导的宾语从句， 改用陈述句语序。 He said, “Is this car Mr.Green’s or Mr Brown’s?”– He asked me whether that car was Mr.Green’s or Mr.Brown’s 5) 直接引语时祈使句变为间接引语时常构成简单句型： 引述动词；ask\tell\order\advise\warn sb\sth to do ;The teacher said, “ Don’t come late again.”– The teacher asked me not to come late again