spatial geographic mosaic in an aquatic predator-prey network空间地理镶嵌在水生食物链网络.pdfVIP

Spatial Geographic Mosaic in an Aquatic Predator-Prey Network 1 1 2 Johel Chaves-Campos , Steven G. Johnson *, C. Darrin Hulsey 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America, 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America Abstract The geographic mosaic theory of coevolution predicts 1) spatial variation in predatory structures as well as prey defensive traits, and 2) trait matching in some areas and trait mismatching in others mediated by gene flow. We examined gene flow and documented spatial variation in crushing resistance in the freshwater snails Mexipyrgus churinceanus, Mexithauma quadripaludium, Nymphophilus minckleyi, and its relationship to the relative frequency of the crushing morphotype in the trophically polymorphic fish Herichthys minckleyi. Crushing resistance and the frequency of the crushing morphotype did ´ show spatial variation among 11 naturally replicated communities in the Cuatro Cienegas valley in Mexico where these species are all endemic. The variation in crushing resistance among populations was not explained by geographic proximity or by genetic similarity in any species. We detected clear phylogeographic patterns and limited gene flow for the snails but ´ not for the fish. Gene flow among snail populations in Cuatro Cienegas could explain the mosaic of local divergence in shell strength and be preventing the fi