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availability, price and affordability of cardiovascular medicines a comparison across 36 countries using whohai data可用性、价格和购买力的心血管药物在36个国家使用whohai数据比较
van Mourik et al. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2010, 10:25
/1471-2261/10/25
R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E Open Access
Research article
Availability, price and affordability of
cardiovascular medicines: A comparison across 36
countries using WHO/HAI data
1,2 2,3 4 2
Maaike SM van Mourik* , Alexandra Cameron , Marg Ewen and Richard O Laing
Abstract
Background: The global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to rise. Successful treatment of CVD
requires adequate pharmaceutical management. The aim was to examine the availability, pricing and affordability of
cardiovascular medicines in developing countries using the standardized data collected according to the World Health
Organization/Health Action International methodology.
Methods: The following medicines were included: atenolol, captopril, hydrochlorothiazide, losartan and nifedipine.
Data from 36 countries were analyzed. Outcome measures were percentage availability, price ratios to international
reference prices and number of days wages needed by the lowest-paid unskilled government worker to purchase one
month of chronic treatment. Patient prices were adjusted for inflation and purchasing power, procurement prices only
for inflation. Data were analyzed for both generic and originator brand products and the public and private sector and
summarized by World Bank Income Groups.
Results: For all measures, there was great variability across surveys. The overall availability of cardiovascular medicines
was poor (mean 26.3% in public sector, 57.3% private sector). Procurement prices were very competitive in some
countries, whereas others consistently paid high prices. Patient prices were generally substantially higher than
international references pri
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