striving for sustainability and resilience in the face of unprecedented change the case of the mountain pine beetle outbreak in british columbia追求可持续性和弹性面对前所未有的变化的情况下山松甲虫疫情在不列颠哥伦比亚省.pdfVIP

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striving for sustainability and resilience in the face of unprecedented change the case of the mountain pine beetle outbreak in british columbia追求可持续性和弹性面对前所未有的变化的情况下山松甲虫疫情在不列颠哥伦比亚省.pdf

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striving for sustainability and resilience in the face of unprecedented change the case of the mountain pine beetle outbreak in british columbia追求可持续性和弹性面对前所未有的变化的情况下山松甲虫疫情在不列颠哥伦比亚省

Sustainability 2010, 2, 2403-2423; doi:10.3390/su2082403 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article Striving for Sustainability and Resilience in the Face of Unprecedented Change: The Case of the Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak in British Columbia Philip J. Burton Canadian Forest Service University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia V2N 4Z9, Canada; E-Mail: pburton@nrcan.gc.ca; Tel.: +1-250-960-6130; Fax: +1-250-960-6496 Received: 2 July 2010; in revised form: 25 July 2010 / Accepted: 28 July 2010 / Published: 29 July 2010 Abstract: A massive insect outbreak in the public forests of central British Columbia (Canada) poses a serious challenge for sustainable forest management planning. Tree mortality caused by natural disturbances has always been a part of wild and managed forests, but climate change is accentuating the uncertainty around such losses. Policy responses to accelerate overall timber harvesting levels to prevent further tree mortality and to aggressively salvage value from dead wood before it deteriorates can be disruptive and even counter-productive in the long run. Current alternatives are to strategically redirect existing timber harvesting quotas to the most vulnerable areas, minimize overall uplifts in cutting activity, prolong the period over which harvested timber can be processed, avo