structure enhancement relationship of chemical penetration enhancers in drug transport across the stratum corneum结构增强关系的化学渗透增强剂在药物运输穿过角质层.pdfVIP

Pharmaceutics 2012, 4, 71-92; doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics4010071 OPEN ACCESS pharmaceutics ISSN 1999-4923 /journal/pharmaceutics Review Structure Enhancement Relationship of Chemical Penetration Enhancers in Drug Transport across the Stratum Corneum Doungdaw Chantasart 1 and S. Kevin Li 2,* 1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand 2 Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: kevin.li@; Tel: +1-513-558-0977. Received: 14 December 2011; in revised form: 4 January 2012 / Accepted: 4 January 2012 / Published: 17 January 2012 Abstract: The stratum corneum is a major barrier of drug penetration across the skin in transdermal delivery. For effective transdermal drug delivery, skin penetration enhancers are used to overcome this barrier. In the past decades, a number of research studies were conducted to understand the mechanisms of skin penetration enhancers and to develop a structure enhancement relationship. Such understanding allows effective prediction of the effects of skin penetration enhancers, assists topical and transdermal formulation development, and avoids extensive enhancer screening in the transdermal delivery industry. In the past two decades, several hypotheses on chemical enhancer-induced penetration enhancement for transport across the skin lipoidal pathway have been examined based on a systemati