supramolecular self-assembled chaos polyphenolic lignin’s barrier to cost-effective lignocellulosic biofuels超分子自组装混乱多酚木质素的障碍具有成本效益的木质纤维素的生物燃料.pdfVIP
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supramolecular self-assembled chaos polyphenolic lignin’s barrier to cost-effective lignocellulosic biofuels超分子自组装混乱多酚木质素的障碍具有成本效益的木质纤维素的生物燃料
Molecules 2010, 15, 8641-8688; doi:10.3390/molecule
OPEN ACCESS
molecules
ISSN 1420-3049
/journal/molecules
Review
Supramolecular Self-Assembled Chaos: Polyphenolic Lignin’s
Barrier to Cost-Effective Lignocellulosic Biofuels
Komandoor Elayavalli Achyuthan 1,2,*, Ann Mary Achyuthan 3, Paul David Adams 1,4,
Shawn Matthew Dirk 2, Jason Carl Harper 2, Blake Alexander Simmons 1,5 and
Anup Kumar Singh 1,5
1 Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA 94550, USA
2 Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA; E-Mails: smdirk@
(S.M.D.); jcharpe@ (J.C.H.)
3 Biology Department, Northern New Mexico College, Espanola, NM 87532, USA;
E-Mail: annachyuthan@ (A.M.A.)
4 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mail: pdadams@
5 Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; E-Mails: basimmo@
(B.A.S.); aksingh@ (A.K.S.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: kachyut@;
Tel.: +1-505-284-8979; Fax: +1-505-844-1198.
Received: 15 October 2010; in revised form: 22 November 2010 / Accepted: 25 November 2010 /
Published: 29 November 2010
Abstract: Phenylpropanoid metabolism yields a mixture of monolignols that undergo
chaotic, non-enzymatic reactions such as free radical polymerization and spontaneous self-
assembly in order to form the polyphenolic lignin which is a barrier to cost-effective
lignocellulosic biofuels. Post-synthesis lignin integration into the plant cell wall is unclear,
including how the hydrophobic lignin incorporate
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