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surface transmission or polarized egress lessons learned from htlv cell-to-cell transmission表面传输或极化出口教训htlv细胞间传播.pdf

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surface transmission or polarized egress lessons learned from htlv cell-to-cell transmission表面传输或极化出口教训htlv细胞间传播

Viruses 2010, 2, 601-605; doi:10.3390/v2020601 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Commentary Surface Transmission or Polarized Egress? Lessons Learned from HTLV Cell-to-Cell Transmission Jing Jin 1, Nathan Sherer 2 and Walther Mothes 1,* 1 Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Ave., New Haven, CT 06536, USA 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: walther.mothes@; Tel.: +1 203-737-2203; Fax: +1 203-737-2630. Received: 8 February 2010 / Accepted: 8 February 2010 / Published: 10 February 2010 Abstract: Commentary on Pais-Correia, A.M.; Sachse, M.; Guadagnini, S.; Robbiati, V.; Lasserre, R.; Gessain, A.; Gout, O.; Alcover, A.; Thoulouze, M.I. Biofilm-like extracellular viral assemblies mediate HTLV-1 cell-to-cell transmission at virological synapses. Nat. Med. 2010, 16, 83-89. Many viruses spread more efficiently from cell to cell by direct cell-cell contact rather than by using a cell-free mode. Cell-to-cell spread permits rapid spreading as well as evasion of neutralizing antibodies [1]. The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) could well represent the champion among cell-cell contact-dependent viruses. It is poorly infectious as cell-free virus, but efficiently spreads in cultures of lymphocytes [2]. HTLV-1s almost complete dependence on cell-cell contact pr