targeted toxins in brain tumor therapy有针对性的毒素在脑肿瘤治疗.pdfVIP

Toxins 2010, 2, 2645-2662; doi:10.3390/toxins2112645 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Review Targeted Toxins in Brain Tumor Therapy Yan Michael Li and Walter A. Hall * Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, NY, USA; E-Mail: liy@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: hallw@; Tel.: +1-315-464-5510; Fax: +1-315-464-5520. Received: 4 October 2010; in revised form: 20 October 2010 / Accepted: 27 October 2010 / Published: 1 November 2010 Abstract: Targeted toxins, also known as immunotoxins or cytotoxins, are recombinant molecules that specifically bind to cell surface receptors that are overexpressed in cancer and the toxin component kills the cell. These recombinant proteins consist of a specific antibody or ligand coupled to a protein toxin. The targeted toxins bind to a surface antigen or receptor overexpressed in tumors, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor or interleukin-13 receptor. The toxin part of the molecule in all clinically used toxins is modified from bacterial or plant toxins, fused to an antibody or carrier ligand. Targeted toxins are very effective against cancer cells resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. They are far more potent than any known chemotherapy drug. Targeted toxins have shown an acceptable profile of toxicity and