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Toxins 2010, 2, 2428-2466; doi:10.3390/toxins2102428 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Review Targeting Inflammatory Pathways by Triterpenoids for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer Vivek R. Yadav, Sahdeo Prasad, Bokyung Sung, Ramaswamy Kannappan and Bharat B. Aggarwal * Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA; E-Mail: vryadav@ (V.R.Y.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: aggarwal@; Tel.: +1 713 794 1817; Fax: +1 713 606 3399. Received: 30 August 2010; in revised form: 23 September 2010 / Accepted: 15 October 2010 / Published: 22 October 2010 Abstract: Traditional medicine and diet has served mankind through the ages for prevention and treatment of most chronic diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that chronic inflammation mediates most chronic diseases, including cancer. More than other transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and STAT3 have emerged as major regulators of inflammation, cellular transformation, and tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Thus, agents that can inhibit NF-κB and STAT3 activation pathways have the potential to both prevent and treat cancer. In this review, we examine the potential of one group of compounds called triterpenes, derived from traditional medicine and diet for their ability to suppress inflammatory pathways linked to